APEX – Modality-wise Phrase Bank

Click and copy phrases into your report. Edit for clinical context and local style. Grouped by modality, body region, and report section.

X-ray

Chest X-ray

Clinical information

• Cough and fever, query lower respiratory tract infection.
• Shortness of breath, evaluate for pulmonary edema or effusion.
• Preoperative assessment in patient with cardiac comorbidities.
• Follow-up of known pneumonia to assess interval change.

Technique

• Frontal and lateral chest radiographs obtained in erect position.
• Single frontal chest radiograph obtained in supine position in ICU.
• Portable frontal chest radiograph obtained at bedside.

Findings – Normal

• Cardiomediastinal silhouette within normal limits for size and contour.
• Lung volumes are adequate with no focal consolidation.
• No pleural effusion or pneumothorax identified.
• Visualized bony thorax appears unremarkable.
• Support tubes and lines, where seen, are in satisfactory position.

Findings – Common abnormalities

• Patchy airspace opacities in the right lower zone, compatible with pneumonia in the appropriate clinical context.
• Bilateral perihilar and basilar reticular–nodular opacities, suggestive of pulmonary edema.
• Moderate right pleural effusion with associated passive atelectasis of the adjacent lung.
• Hyperinflated lungs with flattening of diaphragms, compatible with underlying COPD.

Impression

• No acute cardiopulmonary abnormality identified.
• Right lower zone pneumonia. Recommend clinical correlation and follow-up imaging to document resolution.
• Features suggestive of pulmonary edema; correlate with cardiac status and fluid balance.

CT

CT Brain (Non-contrast)

Clinical information

• Acute onset focal neurological deficit, query stroke.
• Headache and vomiting, evaluate for intracranial hemorrhage.
• Post-traumatic evaluation for intracranial injury.

Technique

• Non-contrast axial CT images of the brain acquired from skull base to vertex with multiplanar reformats.

Findings – Normal

• Gray–white matter differentiation preserved with no acute territorial infarct.
• No intraparenchymal, subarachnoid, subdural, or extradural hemorrhage.
• Ventricles and cortical sulci appropriate for age with no midline shift.
• Basal cisterns are patent. Calvarium is intact.

Impression

• No CT evidence of acute intracranial hemorrhage or large territorial infarct.

MRI

MRI Brain

Technique

• Multiplanar, multisequence MRI of the brain performed without and with intravenous contrast.
• Sequences include T1, T2, FLAIR, DWI/ADC, SWI, and post-contrast T1-weighted images.

Findings – Normal

• Brain parenchyma demonstrates normal signal intensity without focal lesion.
• No diffusion restriction to suggest acute infarct.
• No abnormal susceptibility to suggest hemorrhage or calcification.
• No abnormal parenchymal or leptomeningeal enhancement.

Impression

• Normal MRI of the brain. No acute intracranial pathology identified.

Ultrasound

Abdominal Ultrasound

Technique

• Real-time grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound of the abdomen performed.

Findings

• Liver normal in size and echotexture with no focal lesion.
• Gallbladder adequately distended with no calculi or wall thickening.
• Common bile duct not dilated.

Impression

• Normal hepatobiliary ultrasound. No sonographic evidence of cholecystitis.

Nuclear Medicine

Bone Scan

Technique

• Whole-body planar scintigraphy performed following intravenous administration of tracer.

Impression

• No scintigraphic evidence of skeletal metastasis.

PET-CT

FDG PET-CT

Technique

• Whole-body FDG PET-CT performed from skull base to mid-thigh following intravenous administration of FDG.

Interventional Procedures

CT-guided biopsy

Technique

• CT-guided biopsy of lesion performed under aseptic precautions and local anesthesia.